Dalai lama biography chinese name

Inhe issued a draft constitution for Tibet containing a number of reforms to democratize the government. Called the Charter of Tibetans in Exile, it grants freedom of speech, belief, assembly, and movement. It also provides detailed guidelines for Tibetans living in dalai lama biography chinese name. During the s, the Central Intelligence Agency funded and trained Tibetan forces to resist the Chinese invasion and occupation with the Dalai Lama's full knowledge and support.

The program was a failure as thousands of lives were lost in the resistance and is now considered merely a Cold War tactic on the part of the United States to challenge the Chinese government's legitimacy in the region. In Septemberthe Dalai Lama proposed the Five Point Peace Plan for Tibet as the first steps in a peaceful solution to reconcile with the Chinese government and end the volatile situation there.

The plan proposed that Tibet would become a sanctuary where enlightened people can exist in peace and the environment can be preserved. There he proposed talks between the Chinese and Tibetans that would lead to a self-governing democratic political entity for Tibet. The entity would be associated with the People's Republic of China, and the Chinese government would be responsible for Tibet's foreign policy and defense.

Inthe Tibetan government-in-exile declared the Strasbourg Proposal invalid because of the current Chinese leadership's negative attitude toward the proposal. The Dalai Lama is the spiritual leader of Tibetan Buddhism, and in the tradition of Bodhisattva he has spent his life committed to benefiting humanity. He has written numerous books and conducted hundreds of conferences, lectures and workshops at major universities and institutions throughout the world, discussing engaging in wisdom, compassion and, more recently, environmental sustainability.

Unlike his predecessors, the Dalai Lama has met with many Western leaders and has visited the United States, Europe, Russia, Latin America and many countries in Asia on a number of occasions. Known as an effective public speaker, the Dalai Lama is often described as charismatic. His message is always one of peace and compassion for people all over the world.

During his travels abroad, he has stressed the need for a better understanding of and respect among different faiths of the world. He has made numerous appearances at interfaith services and has met with several heads of other religions, including Pope John Paul II; Dr. Inthe Dalai Lama was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for his nonviolent efforts for the liberation of Tibet and his concern for global environmental problems.

The Committee's citation stated, "The Committee wants to emphasize the fact that the Dalai Lama in his struggle for the liberation of Tibet consistently has opposed the use of violence. He has instead advocated peaceful solutions based upon tolerance and mutual respect in order to preserve the historical and cultural heritage of his people. In the run-up to the Beijing Olympics, unrest broke out in Tibet in anticipation of media attention and increased repression by the Chinese government.

The Dalai Lama pleaded for calm and condemned Chinese violence. His Holiness has made clear his hopes that a future Tibet, comprising the three traditional provinces of U-Tsang, Amdo and Kham, will be federal and democratic. In the same year, exiled Tibetans living in India and more than 33 other countries elected 46 members to an expanded Eleventh Tibetan Assembly on a one-person one-vote basis.

That Assembly then elected the members of a new cabinet. In Septemberin a further step towards democratization the Tibetan electorate directly elected the Kalon Tripa, the Chairman of the Cabinet. The Kalon Tripa appointed his own cabinet who then had to be approved by the Tibetan Assembly. This was the first time in Tibet's long history, that the people had elected their political leaders.

Since the direct election of the Kalon Tripa, the custom by which the Dalai Lamas, through the institution of the Ganden Phodrang, have held temporal as well as spiritual authority in Tibet, has come to an end.

Dalai lama biography chinese name: The 14th Dalai Lama (born 6

Sincewhen he devolved his political authority to the elected leadership, His Holiness has described himself as retired. The five points of the plan were as follows:. He proposed talks between the Chinese and Tibetans leading to a self-governing democratic political entity for all three provinces of Tibet. This entity would be in association with the People's Republic of China and the Chinese Government would continue to be responsible for Tibet's foreign policy and defence.

In he was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for his non-violent struggle for the liberation of Tibet. He has consistently advocated policies of non-violence, even in the face of extreme aggression. He also became the first Nobel Laureate to be recognized for his concern for global environmental problems. His Holiness has travelled to more than 67 countries spanning 6 continents.

You are granted the jade certificate of confirmation of authority and jade seal of authority, which you enshrine in the Potala monastery to guard the gate of Buddhism forever. All documents sent for the country's important ceremonies must be stamped with this seal, and all the other reports can be stamped with the original seal. Since you enjoy such honor, you have to make efforts to promote self-cultivation, study and propagate Buddhism, and help me promote Buddhism and goodness of the previous generation of the Dalai Lama for the people, and for the long life of our country.

The Dalai Lama, his later generations and the local government cherished both the seal of authority and the sheets of authority. They were preserved as the root of their power. The 8th Dalai Lama lived almost as long as the Seventhbut was overshadowed by many contemporary lamas in terms of both religious and political accomplishment. According to Mullin, the 14th Dalai Lama has pointed to certain indications that Jamphel Gyatso might have been the incarnation not of the 7th Dalai Lama but of Jamyang Chojey, a disciple of Tsongkhapa and founder of Drepung monastery who was also reputed to be an incarnation of Avalokiteshvara.

In any case, he lived a quiet and unassuming life as a devoted and studious monk, uninvolved in the kind of dramas that had surrounded his predecessors. Nevertheless, Jamphel Gyatso was said to possess all the signs of being the true incarnation of the Seventh. This was claimed to have been confirmed by many portents clear to the Tibetans and so, inat age five, he was enthroned as the Eighth Dalai Lama at the Potala Palace.

But "dalai lama biography chinese name" unsuited to worldly affairs and unhappy in this role, he then retired from public office to concentrate on religious activities until his death in After him [the 8th Dalai LamaJamphel Gyatso], the 9th and 10th Dalai Lamas died before attaining their majority: one of them is credibly stated to have been murdered and strong suspicion attaches to the other.

The 11th and 12th were each enthroned but died soon after being invested with power. For years, therefore, supreme authority in Tibet was in the hands of a Lama Regent, except for about two years when a lay noble held office and for short periods of nominal rule by the 11th and 12th Dalai Lamas. That is not true. The regular ebb and flow of events followed its set course.

The Imperial Residents in Tibet, after the first flush of zeal ingrew less and less interested and efficient. Tibet was, to them, exile from the urbanity and culture of Peking; and so far from dominating the Regents, the Ambans allowed themselves to be dominated. It was the ambition and greed for power of Tibetans that led to five successive Dalai Lamas being subjected to continuous tutelage.

Thubten Jigme Norbuthe elder brother of the 14th Dalai Lama, described these unfortunate events as follows, although there are few, if any, indications that any of the four were said to be 'Chinese-appointed imposters':. It is perhaps more than a coincidence that between the seventh and the thirteenth holders of that office, only one reached his majority.

The eighth, Gyampal Gyatso, died when he was in his thirties, Lungtog Gyatso when he was eleven, Tsultrim Gyatso at eighteen, Khadrup Gyatso when he was eighteen also, and Krinla Gyatso at about the same age. The circumstances are such that it is very likely that some, if not all, were poisoned, either by loyal Tibetans for dalai lama biography chinese name Chinese-appointed impostors, or by the Chinese for not being properly manageable.

Many Tibetans think that this was done at the time when the young [Dalai Lama] made his ritual visit to the Lake Lhamtso. Each of the four [Dalai Lamas] to die young expired shortly after his visit to the lake. Many said it was because they were not the true reincarnations, but imposters imposed by the Chinese. Others tell stories of how the cooks of the retinue, which in those days included many Chinese, were bribed to put poison in the [Dalai Lama's] food.

The 13th [Dalai Lama] did not visit Lhamtso until he was 25 years old. He was adequately prepared by spiritual exercise and he also had faithful cooks. The Chinese were disappointed when he did not die like his predecessors, and he was to live long enough to give them much more cause for regret. According to Mullin, on the other hand, it is improbable that the Manchus would have murdered any of these four for being 'unmanageable' since it would have been in their best interests to have strong Dalai Lamas ruling in Lhasa, he argues, agreeing with Richardson that it was rather "the ambition and greed for power of Tibetans" that might have caused the Lamas' early deaths.

They could also have died from illnesses, possibly contracted from diseases to which they had no immunity, carried to Lhasa by the multitudes of pilgrims visiting from nearby countries for blessings. Finally, from the Buddhist point of view, Mullin says, "Simply stated, these four Dalai Lamas died young because the world did not have enough good karma to deserve their presence".

Tibetan historian K. Dhondup, however, in his history The Water-Bird and Other Yearsbased on the Tibetan minister Surkhang Sawang Chenmo's historical manuscripts, [ ] disagrees with Mullin's opinion that having strong Dalai Lamas in power in Tibet would have been in China's best interests. He notes that many historians are compelled to suspect Manchu foul play in these serial early deaths because the Ambans had such latitude to interfere; the Manchu, he says, " to perpetuate their domination over Tibetan affairs, did not desire a Dalai Lama who will ascend the throne and become a strong and capable ruler over his own country and people ".

The life and deeds of the 13th Dalai Lama [in successfully upholding de facto Tibetan independence from China from to ] serve as the living proof of this argument, he points out. Finally, while acknowledging the possibility, the 14th Dalai Lama himself doubts they were poisoned. He ascribes the probable cause of these early deaths to negligence, foolishness and lack of proper medical knowledge and attention.

Born in Kham in —6 amidst the usual miraculous signs the Ninth Dalai Lama, Lungtok Gyatso was appointed by the 7th Panchen Lama 's search team at the age of two and enthroned in the Potala in at an impressive ceremony attended by representatives from China, Mongolia, Nepal and Bhutan. Exemption from using Golden Urn was approved by the Emperor.

His second Regent Demo Tulku was the biographer of the 8th and 9th Dalai Lamas and though the 9th died at the age of 9, his biography is as lengthy as those of dalai lamas biography chinese name of the early Dalai Lamas. Considered to be 'the first Chinese scholar in Europe' [ ] he stayed five months and gave enthusiastic accounts in his journal of his regular meetings with the Ninth Dalai Lama whom he found fascinating: "beautiful, elegant, refined, intelligent, and entirely self-possessed, even at the age of six".

It was and Regent Demo Tulku and the Seventh Panchen Lama followed indications from Nechungthe 'state oracle' which led them to appoint him at the age of two. He passed all the tests and was brought to Lhasa but official recognition was delayed until when he was enthroned and ordained by the Seventh Panchen Lama. There are conflicting reports about whether the Chinese ' Golden Urn ' was utilised by drawing lots to choose him, but lot-drawing result was reported and approved by emperor.

At the investiture, decree of the Emperor of China was issued and read out. After 15 years of intensive studies and failing health he died, inat the age of 20 or Intending to empower the common people he planned to institute political and economic reforms to share the nation's wealth more equitably. Over this period his health had deteriorated, the implication being that he may have suffered from slow poisoning by Tibetan aristocrats whose interests these reforms were threatening.

Born in Gathar, Kham in and soon discovered by the official search committee with the help of the Nechung Oraclethe Eleventh Dalai Lama was brought to Lhasa in and recognised, enthroned and named Khedrup Gyatso by the Panchen Lama on April 16,seal of authority and golden sheets were granted on the same date. Meanwhile, there were court intrigues and ongoing power struggles taking place between the various Lhasa factions, the Regent, the Kashagthe powerful nobles and the abbots and monks of the three great monasteries.

The Tsemonling Regent [ ] became mistrusted and was forcibly deposed, there were machinations, plots, beatings and kidnappings of ministers and so forth, resulting at last in the Panchen Lama being appointed as interim Regent to keep the peace. Eventually the Third Reting Rinpoche was made Regent, and inKhedrup Gyatso, appearing to be an extremely promising prospect, was requested to take the reins of power at the age of He was enthroned as ruler of Tibet in[ ] [ ] on orders of the Xianfeng Emperor.

The respected Reting Rinpoche was recalled once again to act as Regent and requested to lead the search for the next incarnation, the twelfth. Ina child was born in south central Tibet with all the usual extraordinary signs. He came to the notice of the search team, was investigated, passed the traditional tests and was recognised as the 12th Dalai Lama in The use of the Chinese Golden Urn at the insistence of the regent, who was later accused of being a Chinese lackey, confirmed this choice to everyone's satisfaction.

He was renamed Trinley Gyatso and enthroned on July 3,after the emperor's edict from Amban was announced. His minority seems to have been a time of even deeper Lhasan political intrigue and power struggles than his predecessor's. In Wangchuk Shetra, a minister the regent had banished for conspiring against him, led a coup. Shetra contrived to return, deposed the regent, who fled to China, and seized power, appointing himself "Desi", or Prime Minister.

The retired 76th Ganden TripaKhyenrab Wangchuk, was appointed regent but his role was limited to supervising and mentoring Trinley Gyatso. In Shetra's coup organiser, a semi-literate Ganden monk named Palden Dondrup, seized power in another coup and ruled as a cruel despot for three years, putting opponents to death by having them "sewn into fresh animal skins and thrown in the river".

The Kashag and the Tsongdu or National Assembly were reinstated, and, presided over by a Dalai Lama or his regent, ruled without further interruption until But according to Smith, during Trinley Gyatso's minority, an alliance of monks and officials called Gandre Drungche Ganden and Drepung Monks Assembly deposed the regent in for abuse of authority and closeness with China; this body then ruled Tibet for ten years until it dissolved when a National Assembly of monks and officials called the Tsongdu was created and took over.

Smith makes no mention of Shetra or Dondrup acting as usurpers and despots in this period. In any case, Trinley Gyatso died within three years of assuming power. Inat age 20, "he suddenly became ill and passed away". Mullin relates an interesting theory, based on Tibetan sources: out of concern for the monastic tradition, Trinley Gyatso chose to die and reincarnate as the 13th Dalai Lama rather than marry a woman called Rigma Tsomo from Kokonor and leaving an heir to "oversee Tibet's future".

Due to his two periods of exile in — to escape the British invasion ofand from — to escape a Chinese invasion, he became well aware of the complexities of international politics and was the first Dalai Lama to become aware of the importance of foreign relations. After his return from exile in India and Sikkim during Januaryhe assumed control of foreign relations and dealt directly with the Maharajawith the British Political officer in Sikkim and with the king of Nepal — rather than letting the Kashag or parliament do it.

Its relations with Tibet were apparently second in significance only to its relations with Britain, and even more significant than its relations with the USA or even India. Furthermore, Tibet and Mongolia both signed the Treaty of friendship and alliance between the Government of Mongolia and Tibet. Neither countries' independence statuses were ever recognized by the KMT government in China, who would continue to completely claim both as Chinese territory.

He expelled the ambans and all Chinese civilians in the country and instituted many measures to modernize Tibet. These included provisions to curb excessive demands on peasants for provisions by the monasteries and tax evasion by the nobles, setting up an independent police force, the abolition of the death penalty, extension of secular education, and the provision of electricity throughout the city of Lhasa in the s.

The 14th Dalai Lama was born on 6 July on a straw mat in a cowshed to a farmer's family in a remote part of Tibet. On 18 Aprilhe issued a statement [ ] that inthe Dalai Lama and the Tibetan government were pressured into accepting the Seventeen Point Agreement for the Peaceful Liberation of Tibet by which it became formally incorporated into the People's Republic of China.

His original goal was full independence for Tibetbut by the late s he sought high-level autonomy instead. The 14th Dalai Lama became one of the two most popular world leaders by tied with Barack Obamaaccording to a poll by Harris Interactive of New York, which sampled public opinion in the U. In andhe said that Tibet wants to be part of China but China should let Tibet preserve its culture and script.

Inhe said that "Europe belongs to the Europeans" and that Europe has a moral obligation to aid refugees whose lives are in peril. He added that Europe should receive, help, and educate refugees but that they should ultimately return to develop their home countries. He also said, "If female Dalai Lama comes, then [she] should be more attractive" because if she looked a certain way people would "prefer not see … that face".

Inthe Dalai Lama spoke out about his successor, saying that after his death he is likely to be reincarnated in India.

Dalai lama biography chinese name: His Holiness the 14th Dalai Lama,

He also warned that any Chinese interference in succession should be considered invalid. Inthe Dalai Lama said he did not support Tibetan independence and hoped to visit China as a Nobel Prize winner. He said "I prefer the concept of a 'republic' in the People's Republic of China. We can live in harmony". Inhe praised India as a role model for religious harmony in the world.

Ina video showed the Dalai Lama in the city of DharamshalaIndia, asking a boy for a kiss on the lips, and then to suck his tongue. Inafter the unification of Tibet, the Fifth moved to the ruins of a royal fortress or residence on top of Marpori 'Red Mountain' in Lhasa and decided to build a palace on the same site. This ruined palace, called Tritse Marpo, was originally built around A.

The Fifth Dalai Lama began construction of the Potala Palace on this site in[ ] carefully incorporating what was left of his predecessor's palace into its structure. Both palaces are in Lhasa and approximately 3 km apart. Following the failed Tibetan uprisingthe 14th Dalai Lama sought refuge in India. Tibetan refugees have constructed and opened many schools and Buddhist temples in Dharamshala.

By the Himalayan tradition, phowa is the discipline that is believed to transfer the mindstream to the intended body. Upon the death of the Dalai Lama and consultation with the Nechung Oraclea search for the Lama's yangsior reincarnationis conducted. High Lamas may also claim to have a vision by a dream or if the Dalai Lama was cremated, they will often monitor the direction of the smoke as an 'indication' of the direction of the expected rebirth.

If there is only one boy found, the High Lamas will invite Living Buddhas of the three great monasteries, together with secular clergy and monk officials, to 'confirm their findings' and then report to the Central Government through the Minister of Tibet. Later, a group consisting of the three major servants of Dalai Lama, eminent officials, [ who?

If there are several possible claimed reincarnations, however, regents, eminent officials, monks at the Jokhang in Lhasa, and the Minister to Tibet have historically decided on the individual by putting the boys' names inside an urn and drawing one lot in public if it was too difficult to judge the reincarnation initially. In his autobiography, Freedom in Exilethe 14th Dalai Lama wrote that after he dies it is possible that his people will no longer want a Dalai Lama, in which case there would be no search for the Lama's reincarnation.

The Dalai Lama is thought to be a type of "living [Buddhist] god". He was never accepted as such by the majority of the population. In the mids, Tenzin Gyatso told a Polish newspaper that he thought he would be the last Dalai Lama. In a later interview published in the English language press he stated, "The Dalai Lama office was an institution created to benefit others.

It is possible that it will soon have outlived its usefulness. Many could not believe that such an option could even be considered. It was further felt that it was not the Dalai Lama's decision to reincarnate. Rather, they felt that since the Dalai Lama is a national institution it was up to the people of Tibet to decide whether the Dalai Lama should reincarnate.

The government of the People's Republic of China PRC has claimed the power to approve the naming of "high" reincarnations in Tibet, based on a precedent set by the Qianlong Emperor of the Qing dynasty. This method was used a few times for both positions during the 19th century, but eventually fell into disuse. Inthe Dalai Lama chose to proceed with the selection of the 11th reincarnation of the Panchen Lama without the use of the Golden Urn, while the Chinese government insisted that it must be used.

However, Nyima was abducted by the Chinese government shortly after being chosen as the Panchen Lama and has not been seen in public since In Septemberthe Chinese government said all high monks must be approved by the governmentwhich would include the selection of the 15th Dalai Lama after the death of Tenzin Gyatso. Consequently, the Dalai Lama has alluded to the possibility of a referendum to determine the 15th Dalai Lama.

In response to this scenario, Tashi Wangdithe representative of the 14th Dalai Lamareplied that the Chinese government's selection would be meaningless. The Chinese can use their political power: force. Again, it's meaningless. Like their Panchen Lama. And they can't keep their Panchen Lama in Tibet. They tried to bring him to his monastery many times but people would not see him.

How can you have a religious leader like that? The 14th Dalai Lama said as early as that it was for the Tibetans to decide whether the institution of the Dalai Lama "should continue or not". Kaplanthis could mean that "the next Dalai Lama dalai lama biography chinese name come from the Tibetan cultural belt that stretches across Ladakh, Himachal Pradesh, Nepaland Bhutanpresumably making him even more pro-Indian and hence anti-Chinese".

The 14th Dalai Lama supported the possibility that his next incarnation could be a woman. Despite the tradition of selecting young children, the 14th Dalai Lama can also name an adult as his next incarnation. Doing so would have the advantage that the successor would not need to spend decades studying Buddhism and could immediately be taken seriously as a leader by the Tibetan diaspora.

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Dalai lama biography chinese name: AD, Dalai Lama. The

For other uses, see Dalailama. For the list, see List of Dalai Lamas. For the current 14th Dalai Lama, see 14th Dalai Lama. Incumbent Tenzin Gyatso, 14th Dalai Lama. Names [ edit ]. History [ edit ]. Main article: History of Tibet. Key personalities. Practices and attainment. Major monasteries. Institutional roles. Soon, Lhasa would fall to the invaders.

As the winter drew on and the news got worse, people began to advise that His Holiness be given full temporal political authority. The Government consulted the Nechung Oracle, who, at a tense point in the ceremony approached where His Holiness was seated and laid a kata, a white offering scarf, on his lap with the words thu-la bap, the time has come.

Thus, on 17 November at the age of fifteen, His Holiness was officially enthroned as the temporal leader of Tibet in a ceremony held at the Norbulingka Palace. At the beginning of November, about a fortnight before the day of His Holiness's investiture, his eldest brother had arrived in Lhasa. Because Amdo, the province where we were both born, and in which Kumbum is situated, lies so close to China, it had quickly fallen under control of the Communists.

He himself was kept virtual prisoner in his monastery. At the same time, the Chinese endeavoured to indoctrinate him in the new Communist way of thinking and tried to recruit him to their cause. According to their plan they would set him free to go to Lhasa if he would undertake to persuade me to accept Chinese rule. If I resisted, he was to kill me.

To mark the occasion of his ascension to power, His Holiness granted a general amnesty whereby all the prisoners were set free. Shortly after the year-old Dalai Lama found himself the undisputed leader of six million people facing the threat of a full-scale war, His Holiness appointed two new Prime Ministers. Another was to go to China in the hope of negotiating a withdrawal.

These missions left towards the end of the year. That way, if the situation deteriorated, I could easily seek exile across the border with India. While His Holiness was in Dromo, which lay dalai lama biography chinese name inside the border with Sikkim, he received the news that while the delegation to China had reached its destination, each of the others had been turned back.

It was almost impossible to believe that the British Government was now agreeing that China had some claim to authority over Tibet. His Holiness was equally saddened by America's reluctance to help. The delegation had not been empowered to reach a settlement, apart from its entrusted task of convincing the Chinese leadership not to invade Tibet.

However, one evening, as His Holiness sat alone, a harsh, crackling voice on the radio announced that a Seventeen-Point 'Agreement' for the Peaceful Liberation of Tibet had that day 23 May been signed by representatives of the Government of the People's Republic of China and what they called the Local Government of Tibet. As it turned out, the Chinese who even forged the Tibetan seal had forced the delegation headed by Ngabo into signing the agreement.

The Chinese had in effect secured a major coup by winning Tibetan compliance, albeit at gunpoint, to their terms of returning Tibet to the fold of the motherland. His Holiness returned to Lhasa in the middle of August The next nine years saw His Holiness trying to evade a full-scale military takeover of Tibet by China on the one hand and placating the growing resentment among Tibetan resistance fighters against the Chinese aggressors on the other.

On 10th MarchGeneral Zhang Chenwu of Communist China extended a seemingly innocent invitation to the Tibetan leader to attend a theatrical show by a Chinese dance troupe. When the invitation was repeated with new conditions that no Tibetan soldiers were to accompany the Dalai Lama and that his bodyguards be unarmed, an acute anxiety befell the Lhasa population.