O ex-presidente fernando henrique cardoso biography

In this position, he articulated political and electoral reforms that paved the way for the redemocratization of the country, which ended in with the return of direct elections for president.

O ex-presidente fernando henrique cardoso biography: a Brazilian sociologist, professor, and

In Mayfollowing a call from the president, he moved to the Ministry of Finance. Contrary to the opinion of those who thought it would only be possible to tackle inflation once a new government was in place, Fernando Henrique Cardoso brought together a team of leading economists and drew up a sophisticated stabilization plan, the Plano Real, launched in This included a major effort to reduce the fiscal deficit and a monetary reform, with the introduction of the URV, culminating in the entry into circulation of a new currency, the Real, in July Although he was not an economist, Fernando Henrique Cardoso took on the role of explaining the Plano Real step by step to the population, as well as the political articulation for the approval of fundamental measures for the stabilization of the economy by the National Congress.

On October 3, he was elected president in the first round, with He took office on January 1, Independent agencies were created to regulate these sectors. Petrobras became a public corporation, controlled by the state but subject to competition with companies. The end of the monopoly strengthened the company. The Central Bank gained operational autonomy to promote the reorganization of the public and private financial system, part of which was not prepared to live in a country with low inflation.

The federal government took on the debts of states and municipalities in return for a fiscal adjustment program that led them to join a concerted effort to reorganize public finances, which was indispensable for consolidating the stability of the economy. The Fiscal Responsibility Law established the general rules for a sustainable fiscal regime.

Social policy also underwent important transformations, made possible by the end of high, chronic and growing inflation. The SUS came off the drawing board, primary education became education for all in fact, and social assistance programs became state policies rather than the charity of the government on duty. For the first time, a large-scale agrarian reform program was adopted.

With its credibility restored by the stabilization of the economy, Brazil projected itself on the international stage. It normalized its relations with international creditors disturbed since the moratorium of the previous decadesigned the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty, led the peace agreement between Peru and Ecuador, promoted the South American Infrastructure Integration Initiative.

It asserted itself as a democratic country, open to the world, politically and economically more predictable, aware of its regional leadership and willing to use it in favor of democracy and integration. Search filters 0. Temas 0 Crisis and Renewal of Democracy. Histories of Brazil. Development and Sustainability. New Global Geopolitics.

Cadernos Vale a Pena Perguntar. Educational materials. Journal of Democracy in Portuguese. The state of Democracy. Other debates.

O ex-presidente fernando henrique cardoso biography: The presidency of Fernando Henrique

Ponto a Ponto. Vale a Pena Perguntar. Linhas do tempo. Working Document. Ironically, this time Cardoso was against the latter group, generating uproar among former academic colleagues and political allies who accused him of reneging on his previous intellectual work. Economists still contend over its long-term effects; some research suggests that companies sold by the government achieved better profitability as a result of their disengagement from the state.

Economists aligned with his government argued that this was due to external factors outside the control of the administration at the time, such as the devaluation of the Brazilian real and the growth of the share of the debt denominated in US dollars. With this economic shift, the greatest achievement of Cardoso — his landmark lowering of inflation — was maintained, but his popularity plummeted.

Given his previous experience as Minister of Foreign Affairs and his prestige as an internationally famous sociologist, he was respected on the world scene, building friendships with such leaders as Bill Clinton and Ernesto Zedillo. Although he was respected abroad, in Brazil he had problems gaining support in Congress for government priorities and among people in general.

As a result, major reforms planned by the executive branchsuch as changes in the tax system and to social securitywere only partially approved and only after long discussion. Although claiming to still support social democracyhis economic policies led people on the left to identify him with neoliberalism and right-wing politicsterms that often carry a very negative connotation in Latin American political debate and academic circles.

He also experienced personal problems with former ally Itamar Francohis predecessor and later became Governor of Minas Geraisa fierce opponent of his administrative reforms that saw the state lose its capacity to contract debt and forced a reduction of local government spending. Cardoso was also criticized for amending the constitution to his own benefit, allowing him to stay eight years in office.

He publicly admitted that he could have done more for public security and for the creation of new jobs, but defended his policies in areas such as health and education. Cardoso's administration was accused of bribing congressmen to pass a constitutional amendment that secured FHC the right to seek reelection, which he eventually won.

After stepping down from office, he assumed a position as a senior leader of his party and leading public voice in the opposition to the incumbent Workers' Partywriting extensively on Brazilian politics for newspapers and giving lectures and interviews. Nevertheless, his relatively low popularity rates among the general population have made his legacy a mixed blessing to his political allies, who are somewhat reluctant to embrace it wholeheartedly during elections, especially on topics regarding privatization and social policy.

Inhe helped the campaign of the PSDB candidate for the Presidency, Geraldo Alckminand has reiterated that he does not wish to run for office again. In the presidential electionCardoso endorsed his former Workers' Party rival Lula over then-incumbent Jair Bolsonaro. He lectures at Brown University about Brazilian economic policy, urban development, and deforestation and has taught as a guest lecturer at Sciences Po in Paris.

Since leaving the Brazilian presidency, Cardoso has been involved in a number of international organisations and initiatives.

O ex-presidente fernando henrique cardoso biography: An internationally acclaimed sociologist, professor,

He is a member of the Club of Madrid and was its president from to Cardoso is a founding member of Washington D. He is also a former director of World Resources Institute. Cardoso has a particular interest in drug policy. Cardoso is also a member of The Eldersa group of independent global leaders who work together on peace and human rights issues.

In he became a member of the Brazilian Academy of Letters. Contents move to sidebar hide. Article Talk. Read Edit View history. Tools Tools. Download as PDF Printable version. In other projects. Wikimedia Commons Wikinews Wikidata item. President of Brazil from to For other uses, see Fernando Cardoso disambiguation. His Excellency.

O ex-presidente fernando henrique cardoso biography: Fernando Henrique Cardoso got his start

Ruth Leite. Personal and professional life [ edit ]. Academic career [ edit ]. Elections [ edit ]. Presidency — [ edit ]. Main article: Presidency of Fernando Henrique Cardoso. Post-presidency [ edit ]. Electoral history [ edit ]. Honours [ edit ]. Foreign honours [ edit ]. Honorary doctorate [ edit ]. Selected works [ edit ]. References [ edit ].

Retrieved 3 February Prince of Asturias Foundation. Archived from the original on 29 August Retrieved 11 November The New York Times. Retrieved 8 August International Sociological Association. Retrieved 25 July Cultura Editores. ISBN Jornal da Unicamp in Portuguese. Universidade Estadual de Campinas. January United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees.

Folha de S. Paulo in Portuguese. Brown University. Archived from the original PDF on 5 March Retrieved 12 November Clinton Global Initiative.